Dreams & Nightmares

Attribution Examples

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Examples from Frankenstein. All the "who's" are Victor.


p. 23

"Destiny was too potent, and her immutable laws had decreed my utter and terrible destruction."

Destiny is an obvious one, no?

Notice that at the end of the chapter, he seems to be summing up the experience described, and thus making more general attributions about the whole experience.


p. 21

"I would account to myself for the birth of that passion, which afterwards ruled my destiny, I find it arise, like a mountain river, from ignoble and almost forgotten sources..."

What causes most of his life? His passion

What causes his passion? "ignoble and almost forgotten sources" - you must read on to find out.

"I would account to myself" confusing, possible multiple interpretations:

taking account of -

holding himself accountable


p. 21

Event: continued to read Agrippa

Attribution: because my father didn't "take the pains to explain to me"

Type: blames dad (external to Victor, internal to dad). stable? Does he blame dad for a bunch of things?


p. 21

"Natural philosophy is the genius that has regulated my fate.

Event: "my fate" - that's large. which events might he be referring to? at this point, we don't know.

Attribution: to natural philosophy

Type of attribution: external, stable - it ruled his whole fate.


p. 21

"I have described myself as always having been imbued with fervent longing to penetrate the secrets of nature."

Event: scientific studies

Attribution: his personality has longing

Type of attribution: internal ("myself"), stable ("always having been imbued")


p. 21

"In spite of the intense labour and wonderful discoveries of modern philosophers, I always came from my studies discontented and unsatisfied."

Event: feeling of discontent and lack of satisfaction

Attribution: not to the modern philosophers ("in spite of")

one good interpretation: because my drive to know, unquenching thirst to learn everything.

Type of attribution: internal, stable? sounds like thirst continues. hard to know from this sentence.

p.23

"It was thus that I was to be taught to associate evil with their [study of alchemy] prosecution, happiness with their disregard."

Event: giving up studies of alchemy

Attribution: "was to be taught" - passive voice. Taught by whom? By his guardian angel? By things thrown at him by life?

Type of attribution: clearly external, could be stable or unstable


p. 23

Event: giving up studies of alchemy

Attribution: "...was the immediate suggestion of my guardian angel - the last effort made by the spirit of preservation..."

Type of attribution: external, unstable because this is the last time